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  <title>These highlights do not include all the information needed to use HYDREA safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for HYDREA.<br/>
    <br/>HYDREA (hydroxyurea) capsules, for oral use<br/>Initial U.S. Approval: 1967</title>
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          <text>
            <paragraph>HYDREA is indicated for the treatment of:</paragraph>
            <list listType="unordered">
              <item>Resistant chronic myeloid leukemia</item>
              <item>Locally advanced squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (excluding the lip) in combination with chemoradiation.</item>
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          <effectiveTime value="20231211"/>
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              <text>
                <paragraph>
                  <content>Warnings and Precautions, Laboratory Test Interference (</content>
                  <linkHtml href="#Ld89d830e-ce43-4cca-8133-ff73c0e78de9">5.11</linkHtml>
                  <content>) 11/2023</content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph>Drug Interactions, Laboratory Test Interference (<linkHtml href="#ID_ee2f4e95-b863-4058-8978-24295f9fd27f">7.2</linkHtml>)               11/2023</paragraph>
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          <title>1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE</title>
          <text>
            <paragraph>HYDREA is indicated for the treatment of:</paragraph>
            <list listType="unordered">
              <item>
                <caption>•</caption>Resistant chronic myeloid leukemia.</item>
              <item>
                <caption>•</caption>Locally advanced squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (excluding the lip) in combination with chemoradiation.</item>
            </list>
          </text>
          <effectiveTime value="20231211"/>
          <excerpt>
            <highlight>
              <text>
                <paragraph>HYDREA is an antimetabolite indicated for the treatment of:</paragraph>
                <list listType="unordered">
                  <item>Resistant chronic myeloid leukemia. <linkHtml href="#ID_202a9717-908c-47f4-af58-59369c6669b3">(1)</linkHtml>
                  </item>
                </list>
                <list listType="unordered">
                  <item>Locally advanced squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck, (excluding lip) in combination with concurrent chemoradiation. <linkHtml href="#ID_202a9717-908c-47f4-af58-59369c6669b3">(1)</linkHtml>
                  </item>
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          <title>2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION</title>
          <effectiveTime value="20210720"/>
          <excerpt>
            <highlight>
              <text>
                <list listType="unordered">
                  <item>
                    <paragraph>Individualize treatment based on tumor type, disease state, response to treatment, patient risk factors, and current clinical practice standards. <linkHtml href="#ID_94b2f297-710d-4921-a720-b959bd2a8034">(2.1)</linkHtml>
                    </paragraph>
                  </item>
                  <item>
                    <paragraph>Renal impairment: Reduce the dose of HYDREA by 50% in patients with creatinine clearance less than 60 mL/min. <linkHtml href="#ID_78f7f5fc-a606-4e62-aafc-fd6c5b438f61">(2.3</linkHtml>, <linkHtml href="#ID_f6233c02-3c20-41cd-9d1b-f82fcd0bfd45">8.6</linkHtml>, <linkHtml href="#ID_3c682a28-0f52-4d8d-95ce-7d05206ed8f9">12.3)</linkHtml>
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              <title>2.1 Dosing Information</title>
              <text>
                <paragraph>HYDREA is used alone or in conjunction with other antitumor agents or radiation therapy to treat neoplastic diseases. Individualize treatment based on tumor type, disease state, response to treatment, patient risk factors, and current clinical practice standards.</paragraph>
                <paragraph>Base all dosage on the patient's actual or ideal weight, whichever is less.</paragraph>
                <paragraph>HYDREA is a cytotoxic drug. Follow applicable special handling and disposal procedures <content styleCode="italics">[see <linkHtml href="#ID_267ed248-18c2-485f-89fa-4e2e63441157">References (15)</linkHtml>].</content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph>Swallow HYDREA capsules whole. Do NOT open, break, or chew capsules because HYDREA is a cytotoxic drug.</paragraph>
                <paragraph>Prophylactic administration of folic acid is recommended <content styleCode="italics">[see <linkHtml href="#ID_f61f58d4-7507-44dc-9309-a5607b40b403">Warnings and Precautions (5.8)</linkHtml>]</content>.</paragraph>
                <paragraph>Monitor blood counts at least once a week during HYDREA therapy. Severe anemia must be corrected before initiating therapy with HYDREA.</paragraph>
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              <title>2.2 Dose Modifications for Toxicity</title>
              <text>
                <paragraph>Monitor for the following and reduce the dose or discontinue HYDREA accordingly:</paragraph>
                <list listType="unordered">
                  <item>   Myelosuppression [<content styleCode="italics">see <linkHtml href="#ID_535fdc27-0ea1-4bda-99c5-8bc4994f5111">Warnings and Precautions</linkHtml> (<linkHtml href="#ID_26ca458d-a781-4c7a-867b-8a9b3398dad3">5.1</linkHtml>)</content>]</item>
                  <item>   Cutaneous vasculitis [<content styleCode="italics">see <linkHtml href="#ID_98f50935-1273-48bc-bcfd-b6aa89f9d7a5">Warnings and Precautions (5.5)</linkHtml>
                    </content>]</item>
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                <paragraph>Consider dose modifications for other toxicities.</paragraph>
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              <title>2.3 Dose Modifications for Renal Impairment</title>
              <text>
                <paragraph>Reduce the dose of HYDREA by 50% in patients with measured creatinine clearance of less than 60 mL/min or with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) [<content styleCode="italics">see <linkHtml href="#ID_b63f1d3b-cf34-48d7-9608-55a924500cd7">Use in Specific Populations</linkHtml> (<linkHtml href="#ID_f6233c02-3c20-41cd-9d1b-f82fcd0bfd45">8.6</linkHtml>) and<linkHtml href="#ID_7b24b736-926e-429b-9f97-1f3f2abd8e50"> Clinical Pharmacology</linkHtml> (<linkHtml href="#ID_3c682a28-0f52-4d8d-95ce-7d05206ed8f9">12.3</linkHtml>)</content>].</paragraph>
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                      <th align="center" styleCode="Botrule Lrule Rrule Toprule" valign="top">
                        <content styleCode="xmChange">
                          <content styleCode="bold">Creatinine Clearance<br/>(mL/min)</content>
                        </content>
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                      <th align="center" styleCode="Botrule Lrule Rrule Toprule" valign="top">
                        <content styleCode="xmChange">
                          <content styleCode="bold">Recommended HYDREA Initial Dose<br/>(mg/kg once daily)</content>
                        </content>
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                  <tbody>
                    <tr>
                      <td align="center" styleCode="Botrule Lrule Rrule" valign="top">
                        <paragraph>
                          <content styleCode="xmChange">≥60</content>
                        </paragraph>
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                      <td align="center" styleCode="Botrule Lrule Rrule Toprule" valign="top">
                        <paragraph>
                          <content styleCode="xmChange">15</content>
                        </paragraph>
                      </td>
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                    <tr>
                      <td align="center" styleCode="Botrule Lrule Rrule Toprule" valign="top">
                        <paragraph>
                          <content styleCode="xmChange">&lt;60 or ESRD*</content>
                        </paragraph>
                      </td>
                      <td align="center" styleCode="Botrule Lrule Rrule Toprule" valign="top">
                        <paragraph>
                          <content styleCode="xmChange">7.5</content>
                        </paragraph>
                      </td>
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                <paragraph>* On dialysis days, administer HYDREA to patients following hemodialysis.</paragraph>
                <paragraph>Close monitoring of hematologic parameters is advised in these patients.</paragraph>
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          <title>3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS</title>
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            <paragraph>Capsules: 500 mg opaque green cap and opaque pink body imprinted with "HYDREA" and "500".</paragraph>
          </text>
          <effectiveTime value="20221003"/>
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            <highlight>
              <text>
                <list listType="unordered">
                  <item>Capsules: 500 mg <linkHtml href="#ID_6bf27ae6-228c-420b-bd1b-a8ed9cc28561">(3)</linkHtml>
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          <title>4 CONTRAINDICATIONS</title>
          <text>
            <paragraph>HYDREA is contraindicated in patients who have demonstrated a previous hypersensitivity to hydroxyurea or any other component of the formulation.</paragraph>
          </text>
          <effectiveTime value="20201202"/>
          <excerpt>
            <highlight>
              <text>
                <list listType="unordered">
                  <item>In patients who have demonstrated a previous hypersensitivity to hydroxyurea or any other component of its formulation. <linkHtml href="#ID_19467934-1b25-459d-a714-d744c9869377">(4)</linkHtml>
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          <title>5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS</title>
          <effectiveTime value="20231211"/>
          <excerpt>
            <highlight>
              <text>
                <list listType="unordered">
                  <item>Myelosuppression: Do not give if bone marrow function is markedly depressed. Monitor blood counts at baseline and throughout treatment. Interrupt treatment and reduce dose as necessary. <linkHtml href="#ID_26ca458d-a781-4c7a-867b-8a9b3398dad3">(5.1)</linkHtml>
                  </item>
                  <item>Hemolytic anemia: Monitor blood counts throughout treatment. If hemolysis persists, discontinue HYDREA. <linkHtml href="#ID_6519688b-7336-4c18-95d5-4116055478b3">(5.2)</linkHtml>
                  </item>
                  <item>Malignancies: Advise protection from sun exposure and monitor for secondary malignancies. <linkHtml href="#ID_6519688b-7336-4c18-95d5-4116055478b3">(5.3)</linkHtml>
                  </item>
                  <item>Embryo-Fetal toxicity: Can cause fetal harm. Advise of potential risk to a fetus and use of effective contraception. <linkHtml href="#ID_399197e3-a6f5-44da-99be-fcf94833fd58">(</linkHtml>
                    <linkHtml href="#ID_98f50935-1273-48bc-bcfd-b6aa89f9d7a5">5.4</linkHtml>, <linkHtml href="#ID_fffe5d24-bf50-4b38-b6f6-ca2323825bc6">8.1</linkHtml>, <linkHtml href="#ID_b5b4a088-ee8d-4525-82b1-2ac1ca5cebe4">8.3)</linkHtml>
                  </item>
                  <item>Vasculitic toxicities: Discontinue HYDREA and initiate treatment if this occurs. <linkHtml href="http://5.5%20Live%20Vaccinations%20">(5.5)</linkHtml>
                  </item>
                  <item>Live Vaccinations: Avoid live vaccine use in a patient taking HYDREA. <linkHtml href="http://5.6%20Risks%20with%20Concomitant%20Use%20of%20Antiretroviral%20Drugs">(5.6)</linkHtml>
                  </item>
                  <item>Risks with concomitant use of antiretroviral drugs: Pancreatitis, hepatotoxicity, and neuropathy have occurred. Monitor for signs and symptoms in patients with HIV infection using antiretroviral drugs; discontinue HYDREA and implement treatment. <linkHtml href="http://5.7%20Radiation%20Recall">(5.7)</linkHtml>
                  </item>
                  <item>Radiation recall: Monitor for skin erythema in patients who previously received radiation and manage symptomatically. <linkHtml href="http://5.8%20Macrocytosis">(5.8)</linkHtml>
                  </item>
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              <title>5.1 Myelosuppression</title>
              <text>
                <paragraph>Hydroxyurea causes severe myelosuppression. Treatment with HYDREA should not be initiated if bone marrow function is markedly depressed. Bone marrow suppression may occur, and leukopenia is generally its first and most common manifestation. Thrombocytopenia and anemia occur less often and are seldom seen without a preceding leukopenia. Bone marrow depression is more likely in patients who have previously received radiotherapy or cytotoxic cancer chemotherapeutic agents; use HYDREA cautiously in such patients.</paragraph>
                <paragraph>Evaluate hematologic status prior to and during treatment with HYDREA. Provide supportive care and modify dose or discontinue HYDREA as needed. Recovery from myelosuppression is usually rapid when therapy is interrupted.</paragraph>
              </text>
              <effectiveTime value="20231211"/>
            </section>
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          <component>
            <section ID="L66ecef4a-84e9-45e5-af89-b605f5a3e295">
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              <code code="43685-7" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS SECTION"/>
              <title>5.2 Hemolytic Anemia</title>
              <text>
                <paragraph>Cases of hemolytic anemia in patients treated with HYDREA for myeloproliferative diseases have been reported <content styleCode="italics">[see <linkHtml href="#L205c1849-1aba-4aac-a294-b9070784f393">Adverse Reactions (6.1)</linkHtml>]</content>
                  <content styleCode="xmChange">. Patients who develop acute jaundice or hematuria in the presence of persistent or worsening of anemia should have laboratory tests evaluated for hemolysis (e.g., measurement of serum lactate dehydrogenase, haptoglobin, reticulocyte, unconjugated bilirubin levels, urinalysis, and direct and indirect antiglobulin [Coombs] tests). In the setting of confirmed diagnosis of hemolytic anemia and in the absence of other causes, discontinue HYDREA.   </content>
                </paragraph>
              </text>
              <effectiveTime value="20210720"/>
            </section>
          </component>
          <component>
            <section ID="ID_6519688b-7336-4c18-95d5-4116055478b3">
              <id root="38184639-784b-41a0-a18c-39b4a20c6f16"/>
              <code code="43685-7" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS SECTION"/>
              <title>5.3 Malignancies</title>
              <text>
                <paragraph>Hydroxyurea is a human carcinogen. In patients receiving long-term hydroxyurea for myeloproliferative disorders, secondary leukemia has been reported. Skin cancer has also been reported in patients receiving long-term hydroxyurea. Advise protection from sun exposure and monitor for the development of secondary malignancies.</paragraph>
              </text>
              <effectiveTime value="20210720"/>
            </section>
          </component>
          <component>
            <section ID="ID_399197e3-a6f5-44da-99be-fcf94833fd58">
              <id root="db265ab9-c491-4d33-bf6c-89fadb77ef9e"/>
              <code code="43685-7" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS SECTION"/>
              <title>5.4 Embryo-Fetal Toxicity</title>
              <text>
                <paragraph>Based on the mechanism of action and findings in animals, HYDREA can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. Hydroxyurea was embryotoxic and teratogenic in rats and rabbits at doses 0.8 times and 0.3 times, respectively, the maximum recommended human daily dose on a mg/m<sup>2</sup> basis. Advise pregnant women of the potential risk to a fetus <content styleCode="italics">[see<linkHtml href="#ID_b63f1d3b-cf34-48d7-9608-55a924500cd7"> Use in Specific Populations</linkHtml> (<linkHtml href="#ID_fffe5d24-bf50-4b38-b6f6-ca2323825bc6">8.1</linkHtml>)]</content>.<br/>Advise females of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during and after treatment with HYDREA for at least 6 months after therapy. Advise males of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during and after treatment with HYDREA for at least 1 year after therapy <content styleCode="italics">[see <linkHtml href="#ID_b63f1d3b-cf34-48d7-9608-55a924500cd7">Use in Specific Populations</linkHtml> (<linkHtml href="#ID_fffe5d24-bf50-4b38-b6f6-ca2323825bc6">8.1,</linkHtml>
                    <linkHtml href="#ID_b5b4a088-ee8d-4525-82b1-2ac1ca5cebe4"> 8.3</linkHtml>)]</content>.</paragraph>
              </text>
              <effectiveTime value="20210720"/>
            </section>
          </component>
          <component>
            <section ID="ID_98f50935-1273-48bc-bcfd-b6aa89f9d7a5">
              <id root="a32778ac-cc65-4a23-aca7-9e20bcaf402b"/>
              <code code="43685-7" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS SECTION"/>
              <title>5.5 Vasculitic Toxicities</title>
              <text>
                <paragraph>Cutaneous vasculitic toxicities, including vasculitic ulcerations and gangrene, have occurred in patients with myeloproliferative disorders during therapy with hydroxyurea. These vasculitic toxicities were reported most often in patients with a history of, or currently receiving, interferon therapy. If cutaneous vasculitic ulcers occur, institute treatment and discontinue HYDREA.</paragraph>
              </text>
              <effectiveTime value="20210816"/>
            </section>
          </component>
          <component>
            <section ID="ID_dc864051-d972-417d-8814-1cf7adbb623d">
              <id root="20df44fc-05a8-4530-94bf-00e328eca370"/>
              <code code="43685-7" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS SECTION"/>
              <title>5.6 Live Vaccinations</title>
              <text>
                <paragraph>Avoid use of live vaccine in patients taking HYDREA. Concomitant use of HYDREA with a live virus vaccine may potentiate the replication of the virus and/or may increase the adverse reaction of the vaccine because normal defense mechanisms may be suppressed by HYDREA. Vaccination with live vaccines in a patient receiving HYDREA may result in severe infection. Patient's antibody response to vaccines may be decreased. Consider consultation with a specialist.</paragraph>
              </text>
              <effectiveTime value="20210720"/>
            </section>
          </component>
          <component>
            <section ID="ID_1605b762-82cc-49fb-8559-94a53f9a4532">
              <id root="c0cebd9f-0d8d-45f3-99ab-65cfebfdb1e7"/>
              <code code="43685-7" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS SECTION"/>
              <title>5.7 Risks with Concomitant Use of Antiretroviral Drugs</title>
              <text>
                <paragraph>Pancreatitis, hepatotoxicity, and peripheral neuropathy have occurred when hydroxyurea was administered concomitantly with antiretroviral drugs, including didanosine and stavudine <content styleCode="italics">[see <linkHtml href="#ID_4f98857a-b0d4-4107-8128-2b65de273d94">Drug Interactions (7.1)</linkHtml>]</content>.</paragraph>
              </text>
              <effectiveTime value="20210720"/>
            </section>
          </component>
          <component>
            <section ID="ID_f61f58d4-7507-44dc-9309-a5607b40b403">
              <id root="5eedfe87-b27f-4648-96d5-f70622a1b7bf"/>
              <code code="43685-7" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS SECTION"/>
              <title>5.8 Radiation Recall</title>
              <text>
                <paragraph>Patients who have received irradiation therapy in the past may have an exacerbation of post-irradiation erythema. Monitor for skin erythema in patients who previously received radiation and manage symptomatically.</paragraph>
              </text>
              <effectiveTime value="20210720"/>
            </section>
          </component>
          <component>
            <section ID="ID_df33c5e3-a9e5-4a3a-beaf-5aff284b1c4f">
              <id root="818b0aa4-ce08-4e1e-ad91-306e259eabeb"/>
              <code code="43685-7" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS SECTION"/>
              <title>5.9 Macrocytosis</title>
              <text>
                <paragraph>HYDREA may cause macrocytosis, which is self-limiting, and is often seen early in the course of treatment. The morphologic change resembles pernicious anemia, but is not related to vitamin B<sub>12</sub> or folic acid deficiency. This may mask the diagnosis of pernicious anemia. Prophylactic administration of folic acid is recommended.</paragraph>
              </text>
              <effectiveTime value="20210720"/>
            </section>
          </component>
          <component>
            <section ID="L87a7fc14-7662-4887-b82d-b3e858f84cd3">
              <id root="acaeb1e2-7b78-4429-844a-adbc3b385773"/>
              <code code="43685-7" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS SECTION"/>
              <title>5.10 Pulmonary Toxicity</title>
              <text>
                <paragraph>Interstitial lung disease including pulmonary fibrosis, lung infiltration, pneumonitis, and alveolitis/allergic alveolitis (including fatal cases) have been reported in patients treated for myeloproliferative neoplasm. Monitor patients developing pyrexia, cough, dyspnea, or other respiratory symptoms frequently, investigate and treat promptly. Discontinue HYDREA and manage with corticosteroids <content styleCode="italics">[see <linkHtml href="#L205c1849-1aba-4aac-a294-b9070784f393">Adverse Reactions (6.1)</linkHtml>]</content>.</paragraph>
              </text>
              <effectiveTime value="20210720"/>
            </section>
          </component>
          <component>
            <section ID="Ld89d830e-ce43-4cca-8133-ff73c0e78de9">
              <id root="98997621-8a01-453c-8134-748c74488f49"/>
              <code code="43685-7" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS SECTION"/>
              <title>5.11 Laboratory Test Interference</title>
              <text>
                <paragraph>Interference with Uric Acid, Urea, or Lactic Acid Assays is possible, rendering falsely elevated results of these in patients treated with hydroxyurea <content styleCode="italics">[see <linkHtml href="#ID_b72e7bad-3182-406e-bea7-df800efaf9b6">Drug Interactions (7.2)</linkHtml>]</content>.</paragraph>
                <paragraph>
                  <content>Hydroxyurea may falsely elevate sensor glucose results from certain continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems and may lead to hypoglycemia if sensor glucose results are relied upon to dose insulin.</content>
                  <content>
                    <br/>If a patient using a CGM is to be prescribed hydroxyurea, consult with the CGM prescriber about alternative glucose monitoring methods </content>
                  <content styleCode="italics">[see <linkHtml href="Interference%20with%20Continuous%20Glucose%20Monitoring%20Systems">Drug Interactions (7.2)</linkHtml>].</content>
                </paragraph>
              </text>
              <effectiveTime value="20231211"/>
            </section>
          </component>
        </section>
      </component>
      <component>
        <section ID="ID_ec9f1504-462a-43b1-94d4-355e286daeba">
          <id root="ca85d632-7c27-4e80-aea5-9e0d8d2efe2c"/>
          <code code="34084-4" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="ADVERSE REACTIONS SECTION"/>
          <title>6 ADVERSE REACTIONS</title>
          <text>
            <paragraph>The following clinically significant adverse reactions are described in detail in other labeling sections:</paragraph>
            <list listType="unordered">
              <item>Myelosuppression <content styleCode="italics">[see <linkHtml href="#ID_26ca458d-a781-4c7a-867b-8a9b3398dad3">Warnings and Precautions (5.1)</linkHtml>]</content>
              </item>
              <item>Hemolytic anemia<content styleCode="italics"> [see <linkHtml href="#L66ecef4a-84e9-45e5-af89-b605f5a3e295">Warnings and Precautions (5.2)</linkHtml>]</content>
              </item>
              <item>Malignancies<content styleCode="italics"> [see <linkHtml href="#ID_6519688b-7336-4c18-95d5-4116055478b3">Warnings and Precautions (5.3)]</linkHtml>
                </content>
              </item>
              <item>Vasculitic toxicities <content styleCode="italics">[see <linkHtml href="#ID_98f50935-1273-48bc-bcfd-b6aa89f9d7a5">Warnings and Precautions (5.5)</linkHtml>]</content>
              </item>
              <item>Risks with concomitant use of antiretroviral drugs <content styleCode="italics">[see </content>
                <content styleCode="italics">
                  <linkHtml href="#ID_1605b762-82cc-49fb-8559-94a53f9a4532">Warnings and Precautions (5.7)</linkHtml>
                </content>
                <content styleCode="italics">]</content>
              </item>
              <item>Radiation recall <content styleCode="italics">[see </content>
                <content styleCode="italics">
                  <linkHtml href="#ID_f61f58d4-7507-44dc-9309-a5607b40b403">Warnings and Precautions (5.8)</linkHtml>
                </content>
                <content styleCode="italics">]</content>
              </item>
              <item>
                <paragraph>Macrocytosis <content styleCode="italics">[see </content>
                  <content styleCode="italics">
                    <linkHtml href="#ID_df33c5e3-a9e5-4a3a-beaf-5aff284b1c4f">Warnings and Precautions (5.9)</linkHtml>
                  </content>
                  <content styleCode="italics">]</content>
                </paragraph>
              </item>
              <item>
                <paragraph>Pulmonary Toxicity<content styleCode="italics"> [see <linkHtml href="http://5.10%20Pulmonary%20Toxicity">Warnings and Precautions (5.10)</linkHtml>]</content>
                </paragraph>
              </item>
            </list>
          </text>
          <effectiveTime value="20231211"/>
          <excerpt>
            <highlight>
              <text>
                <paragraph>Most common adverse reactions (≥30%) are hematological, gastrointestinal symptoms, and anorexia. <linkHtml href="#ID_ec9f1504-462a-43b1-94d4-355e286daeba">(6)</linkHtml>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph>
                  <content styleCode="bold">To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact CHEPLAPHARM Arzneimittel GmbH at 1-888-877-5884</content>
                  <content styleCode="bold"> or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or </content>
                  <content styleCode="bold">
                    <content styleCode="italics">
                      <linkHtml href="http://www.fda.gov/medwatch">www.fda.gov/medwatch.</linkHtml>
                    </content>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
              </text>
            </highlight>
          </excerpt>
          <component>
            <section ID="L205c1849-1aba-4aac-a294-b9070784f393">
              <id root="985c99e4-48e6-4b0c-bd0f-6dee0c06e925"/>
              <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/>
              <title>6.1 Postmarketing Experience</title>
              <text>
                <paragraph>The following adverse reactions have been identified during post-approval use of HYDREA. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency.</paragraph>
                <list listType="unordered">
                  <item>
                    <content styleCode="italics">Reproductive System and Breast disorders</content>: azoospermia, and oligospermia</item>
                  <item>
                    <content styleCode="italics">Gastrointestinal disorders</content>: stomatitis, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and constipation</item>
                  <item>
                    <content styleCode="italics">Metabolism and Nutrition disorders</content>: anorexia, tumor lysis syndrome</item>
                  <item>
                    <content styleCode="italics">Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders</content>: maculopapular rash, skin ulceration, cutaneous lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis-like skin changes, peripheral and facial erythema, hyperpigmentation, nail hyperpigmentation, atrophy of skin and nails, scaling, violet papules, and alopecia</item>
                  <item>
                    <content styleCode="italics">Renal and urinary disorders</content>: dysuria, elevations in serum uric acid, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine levels</item>
                  <item>
                    <content styleCode="italics">Nervous system disorders</content>: headache, dizziness, drowsiness, disorientation, hallucinations, and convulsions</item>
                  <item>
                    <content styleCode="italics">General Disorders</content>: fever, chills, malaise, edema, and asthenia</item>
                  <item>
                    <content styleCode="italics">Hepatobiliary disorders</content>: elevation of hepatic enzymes, cholestasis, and hepatitis</item>
                  <item>
                    <content styleCode="italics">Respiratory disorders</content>: diffuse pulmonary infiltrates, dyspnea, and pulmonary fibrosis, interstitial lung disease, pneumonitis, alveolitis, allergic alveolitis and cough</item>
                  <item>
                    <content styleCode="italics">Immune disorders</content>: systemic lupus erythematosus</item>
                  <item>
                    <content styleCode="italics">Hypersensitivity</content>: Drug-induced fever (pyrexia) (&gt;39°C, &gt;102°F) requiring hospitalization has been reported concurrently with gastrointestinal, pulmonary, musculoskeletal, hepatobiliary, dermatological or cardiovascular manifestations. Onset typically occurred within 6 weeks of initiation and resolved upon discontinuation of hydroxyurea. Upon re-administration fever re-occurred typically within 24 hours.</item>
                  <item>
                    <content styleCode="italics">Blood and lymphatic system disorders</content>: hemolytic anemia</item>
                </list>
                <paragraph>Adverse reactions observed with combined hydroxyurea and irradiation therapy are similar to those reported with the use of hydroxyurea or radiation treatment alone. These effects primarily include bone marrow depression (anemia and leukopenia), gastric irritation, and mucositis. Almost all patients receiving an adequate course of combined hydroxyurea and irradiation therapy will demonstrate concurrent leukopenia. Platelet depression (&lt;100,000 cells/mm<sup>3</sup>) has occurred in the presence of marked leukopenia. HYDREA may potentiate some adverse reactions usually seen with irradiation alone, such as gastric distress and mucositis.</paragraph>
              </text>
              <effectiveTime value="20231211"/>
            </section>
          </component>
        </section>
      </component>
      <component>
        <section ID="ID_5b81f9fb-6505-4c3a-89bb-79365b3d53a9">
          <id root="8695e669-b769-4779-a836-f6dfa0ede8be"/>
          <code code="34073-7" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="DRUG INTERACTIONS SECTION"/>
          <title>7 DRUG INTERACTIONS</title>
          <effectiveTime value="20231211"/>
          <excerpt>
            <highlight>
              <text>
                <list listType="unordered">
                  <item>Antiretroviral drugs <linkHtml href="#ID_4f98857a-b0d4-4107-8128-2b65de273d94">(7.1)</linkHtml>
                  </item>
                  <item>Laboratory Test Interference. (<linkHtml href="#ID_ee2f4e95-b863-4058-8978-24295f9fd27f">7.2</linkHtml>)</item>
                </list>
              </text>
            </highlight>
          </excerpt>
          <component>
            <section ID="ID_4f98857a-b0d4-4107-8128-2b65de273d94">
              <id root="50b329ea-3c15-4b0b-8e03-0cadbfa0bf17"/>
              <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/>
              <title>7.1 Increased Toxicity with Concomitant Use of Antiretroviral Drugs </title>
              <effectiveTime value="20231211"/>
              <component>
                <section ID="ID_cc8f18be-cec1-40a1-99ad-55a582340441">
                  <id root="99fd5625-894d-449d-881d-482326ed823b"/>
                  <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/>
                  <title>Pancreatitis </title>
                  <text>
                    <paragraph>In patients with HIV infection during therapy with hydroxyurea and didanosine, with or without stavudine, fatal and nonfatal pancreatitis have occurred. Hydroxyurea is not indicated for the treatment of HIV infection; however, if patients with HIV infection are treated with hydroxyurea, and in particular, in combination with didanosine and/or stavudine, close monitoring for signs and symptoms of pancreatitis is recommended. Permanently discontinue therapy with HYDREA in patients who develop signs and symptoms of pancreatitis.</paragraph>
                  </text>
                  <effectiveTime value="20231211"/>
                </section>
              </component>
              <component>
                <section ID="ID_6a022b90-9c63-4c69-8262-84392abecd27">
                  <id root="beac04c2-cd95-4076-a7b7-4128674b1c4e"/>
                  <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/>
                  <title>Hepatotoxicity </title>
                  <text>
                    <paragraph>Hepatotoxicity and hepatic failure resulting in death have been reported during postmarketing surveillance in patients with HIV infection treated with hydroxyurea and other antiretroviral drugs. Fatal hepatic events were reported most often in patients treated with the combination of hydroxyurea, didanosine, and stavudine. Avoid this combination.</paragraph>
                  </text>
                  <effectiveTime value="20231211"/>
                </section>
              </component>
              <component>
                <section ID="ID_e4ed8484-1de9-4066-8605-7dd832002b79">
                  <id root="42d03d5b-a7f1-45e9-9beb-b78d1f004798"/>
                  <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/>
                  <title>Peripheral Neuropathy </title>
                  <text>
                    <paragraph>Peripheral neuropathy, which was severe in some cases, has been reported in patients with HIV infection receiving hydroxyurea in combination with antiretroviral drugs, including didanosine, with or without stavudine.</paragraph>
                  </text>
                  <effectiveTime value="20231211"/>
                </section>
              </component>
            </section>
          </component>
          <component>
            <section ID="ID_ee2f4e95-b863-4058-8978-24295f9fd27f">
              <id root="75dabdb6-cb42-4029-a0f3-ea17e72618cc"/>
              <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/>
              <title>7.2 Laboratory Test Interference</title>
              <effectiveTime value="20231211"/>
              <component>
                <section ID="ID_b72e7bad-3182-406e-bea7-df800efaf9b6">
                  <id root="7eb301c7-fa74-4c16-ae9b-81c19f1ba738"/>
                  <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/>
                  <title>Interference with Uric Acid, Urea, or Lactic Acid Assays </title>
                  <text>
                    <paragraph>Studies have shown that there is an analytical interference of hydroxyurea with the enzymes (urease, uricase, and lactate dehydrogenase) used in the determination of urea, uric acid, and lactic acid, rendering falsely elevated results of these in patients treated with hydroxyurea.</paragraph>
                  </text>
                  <effectiveTime value="20231211"/>
                </section>
              </component>
              <component>
                <section ID="L343a53c8-9a5d-467f-b941-ad6b912f9fd3">
                  <id root="95bf5f1b-cd93-4fb3-848c-4732f59fc368"/>
                  <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/>
                  <title>Interference with Continuous Glucose Monitoring Systems</title>
                  <text>
                    <paragraph>Hydroxyurea may falsely elevate sensor glucose results from certain continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems and may lead to hypoglycemia if sensor glucose results are relied upon to dose insulin.<br/>If a patient using CGM is to be prescribed hydroxyurea, consult with the CGM prescriber about alternative glucose monitoring methods.</paragraph>
                  </text>
                  <effectiveTime value="20231213"/>
                </section>
              </component>
            </section>
          </component>
        </section>
      </component>
      <component>
        <section ID="ID_b63f1d3b-cf34-48d7-9608-55a924500cd7">
          <id root="1b3c3a83-c1ce-4f47-9bc1-7f4b872feaa2"/>
          <code code="43684-0" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS SECTION"/>
          <title>8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS</title>
          <effectiveTime value="20210720"/>
          <excerpt>
            <highlight>
              <text>
                <list listType="unordered">
                  <item>Lactation: Advise women not to breastfeed. <linkHtml href="#ID_ad6018be-6ab6-4b17-a6d6-e289607e9698">(8.2)</linkHtml>
                  </item>
                  <item>Geriatric Use: Care should be taken in dose selection and may require a lower dose regimen and monitoring of renal function. <linkHtml href="#ID_30ff41d2-75f4-433e-821b-73c215d16d65">(8.5)</linkHtml>
                  </item>
                </list>
              </text>
            </highlight>
          </excerpt>
          <component>
            <section ID="ID_fffe5d24-bf50-4b38-b6f6-ca2323825bc6">
              <id root="c25bc5d7-075b-42f8-ae50-dae33e72351a"/>
              <code code="42228-7" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="PREGNANCY SECTION"/>
              <title>8.1 Pregnancy</title>
              <effectiveTime value="20210720"/>
              <component>
                <section ID="ID_f61e7212-6fc7-4448-a562-7207421ba714">
                  <id root="179d74fc-26a5-4fc2-bbdb-5f885020c3ad"/>
                  <code code="34077-8" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="TERATOGENIC EFFECTS SECTION"/>
                  <title>
                    <content styleCode="underline">Risk Summary</content>
                  </title>
                  <text>
                    <paragraph>HYDREA can cause fetal harm based on findings from animal studies and the drug's mechanism of action <content styleCode="italics">[see </content>
                      <content styleCode="italics">
                        <linkHtml href="#ID_89d3f41b-021c-4e38-a79b-933bfc46dd1b">Clinical Pharmacology (12.1)</linkHtml>
                      </content>
                      <content styleCode="italics">]</content>. There are no data with HYDREA use in pregnant women to inform a drug-associated risk. In animal reproduction studies, administration of hydroxyurea to pregnant rats and rabbits during organogenesis produced embryotoxic and teratogenic effects at doses 0.8 times and 0.3 times, respectively, the maximum recommended human daily dose on a mg/m<sup>2</sup> basis <content styleCode="italics">(see <linkHtml href="#ID_1d5b1782-9780-4b36-b422-54c775cc8c38">Data</linkHtml>)</content>. Advise women of the potential risk to a fetus and to avoid becoming pregnant while being treated with HYDREA.</paragraph>
                    <paragraph>In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2%–4% and 15%–20%, respectively.</paragraph>
                  </text>
                  <effectiveTime value="20210720"/>
                </section>
              </component>
              <component>
                <section ID="ID_1d5b1782-9780-4b36-b422-54c775cc8c38">
                  <id root="c78d4930-1d55-4d3c-8bc9-580b5a36e2c4"/>
                  <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/>
                  <title>
                    <content styleCode="underline">Data</content>
                  </title>
                  <effectiveTime value="20201202"/>
                  <component>
                    <section ID="ID_8ce51806-0226-4cfb-bfaf-3a25e30fa466">
                      <id root="ec70e900-3ee5-4bb9-ae47-82ef65846597"/>
                      <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/>
                      <title>Animal Data </title>
                      <text>
                        <paragraph>Hydroxyurea has been demonstrated to be a potent teratogen in a wide variety of animal models, including mice, hamsters, cats, miniature swine, dogs, and monkeys at doses within 1-fold of the human dose given on a mg/m<sup>2</sup> basis. Hydroxyurea is embryotoxic and causes fetal malformations (partially ossified cranial bones, absence of eye sockets, hydrocephaly, bipartite sternebrae, missing lumbar vertebrae) at 180 mg/kg/day (about 0.8 times the maximum recommended human daily dose on a mg/m<sup>2</sup> basis) in rats and at 30 mg/kg/day (about 0.3 times the maximum recommended human daily dose on a mg/m<sup>2</sup> basis) in rabbits. Embryotoxicity was characterized by decreased fetal viability, reduced live litter sizes, and developmental delays. Hydroxyurea crosses the placenta. Single doses of ≥375 mg/kg (about 1.7 times the maximum recommended human daily dose on a mg/m<sup>2</sup> basis) to rats caused growth retardation and impaired learning ability.</paragraph>
                      </text>
                      <effectiveTime value="20201202"/>
                    </section>
                  </component>
                </section>
              </component>
            </section>
          </component>
          <component>
            <section ID="ID_ad6018be-6ab6-4b17-a6d6-e289607e9698">
              <id root="65892313-a0cf-4403-8b9b-e94a88af11da"/>
              <code code="77290-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="LACTATION SECTION"/>
              <title>8.2 Lactation </title>
              <effectiveTime value="20201202"/>
              <component>
                <section ID="ID_c93f9a8b-7c16-4b8b-972e-1f1dc5cea9d2">
                  <id root="f2988a50-c8f7-47a1-9e95-f540c853573a"/>
                  <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/>
                  <title>
                    <content styleCode="underline">Risk Summary</content>
                  </title>
                  <text>
                    <paragraph>Hydroxyurea is excreted in human milk. Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in a breastfed infant from hydroxyurea, including carcinogenicity, discontinue breastfeeding during treatment with HYDREA.</paragraph>
                  </text>
                  <effectiveTime value="20201202"/>
                </section>
              </component>
            </section>
          </component>
          <component>
            <section ID="ID_b5b4a088-ee8d-4525-82b1-2ac1ca5cebe4">
              <id root="3f4f12d5-f568-49c0-9025-35a42db61a64"/>
              <code code="77291-3" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="FEMALES &amp; MALES OF REPRODUCTIVE POTENTIAL SECTION"/>
              <title>8.3 Females and Males of Reproductive Potential </title>
              <effectiveTime value="20201202"/>
              <component>
                <section ID="ID_d0524a6f-c161-4268-ab40-7e14602d416f">
                  <id root="f87c596a-80b2-4f0d-b489-2fe4b3e8aa42"/>
                  <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/>
                  <title>
                    <content styleCode="underline">Pregnancy Testing</content>
                  </title>
                  <text>
                    <paragraph>Verify the pregnancy status of females of reproductive potential prior to initiating HYDREA therapy.</paragraph>
                  </text>
                  <effectiveTime value="20201202"/>
                </section>
              </component>
              <component>
                <section ID="ID_af9621a0-2343-476d-83df-ccedeba0b16a">
                  <id root="057b3c6e-ac1d-409f-ba55-f4d7e2a0e9bf"/>
                  <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/>
                  <title>
                    <content styleCode="underline">Contraception</content>
                  </title>
                  <effectiveTime value="20201202"/>
                  <component>
                    <section ID="ID_4bf57bba-fc8e-4a41-88b1-e085bc74e73d">
                      <id root="0820f860-ad5e-484a-ac8e-fdcb45dda0cd"/>
                      <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/>
                      <title>Females </title>
                      <text>
                        <paragraph>HYDREA can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman <content styleCode="italics">[see <linkHtml href="#ID_fffe5d24-bf50-4b38-b6f6-ca2323825bc6">Use in Specific Populations (8.1)</linkHtml>]</content>. Advise females of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during and after treatment with HYDREA for at least 6 months after therapy. Advise females to immediately report pregnancy.</paragraph>
                      </text>
                      <effectiveTime value="20201202"/>
                    </section>
                  </component>
                  <component>
                    <section ID="ID_b13b25b0-c662-47c0-b2b4-182ef14c0032">
                      <id root="d079b174-4c0f-449a-b2cc-0be8e1b756c9"/>
                      <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/>
                      <title>Males </title>
                      <text>
                        <paragraph>HYDREA may damage spermatozoa and testicular tissue, resulting in possible genetic abnormalities. Males with female sexual partners of reproductive potential should use effective contraception during and after treatment with HYDREA for at least 1 year after therapy <content styleCode="italics">[see <linkHtml href="#ID_6ccb6f48-a206-493b-abaa-9b6b62a1161d">Nonclinical Toxicology (13.1)</linkHtml>]</content>.</paragraph>
                      </text>
                      <effectiveTime value="20201202"/>
                    </section>
                  </component>
                </section>
              </component>
              <component>
                <section ID="ID_9b4c26a6-02f9-4be7-b8aa-e6a9d609e276">
                  <id root="b2839fb7-d65b-4b4c-8a1e-d07c17e172e8"/>
                  <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/>
                  <title>
                    <content styleCode="underline">Infertility</content>
                  </title>
                  <effectiveTime value="20201202"/>
                  <component>
                    <section ID="ID_ccaae869-f302-498e-b667-1e73ce6209da">
                      <id root="a594fe5e-4797-4dcc-a634-f3994c7164fc"/>
                      <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/>
                      <title>Males </title>
                      <text>
                        <paragraph>Based on findings in animals and humans, male fertility may be compromised by treatment with HYDREA. Azoospermia or oligospermia, sometimes reversible, has been observed in men. Inform male patients about the possibility of sperm conservation before the start of therapy <content styleCode="italics">[see <linkHtml href="#ID_ec9f1504-462a-43b1-94d4-355e286daeba">Adverse Reactions (6)</linkHtml> and <linkHtml href="#ID_6ccb6f48-a206-493b-abaa-9b6b62a1161d">Nonclinical Toxicology (13.1)</linkHtml>]</content>.</paragraph>
                      </text>
                      <effectiveTime value="20201202"/>
                    </section>
                  </component>
                </section>
              </component>
            </section>
          </component>
          <component>
            <section ID="ID_2bb947b4-9e14-4b94-ad0e-7a62891cf704">
              <id root="484e5049-50cd-4cd4-92d8-e5880e189eea"/>
              <code code="34081-0" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="PEDIATRIC USE SECTION"/>
              <title>8.4 Pediatric Use</title>
              <text>
                <paragraph>Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established.</paragraph>
              </text>
              <effectiveTime value="20201202"/>
            </section>
          </component>
          <component>
            <section ID="ID_30ff41d2-75f4-433e-821b-73c215d16d65">
              <id root="a75182de-598a-47d3-97f8-80eb6e861074"/>
              <code code="34082-8" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="GERIATRIC USE SECTION"/>
              <title>8.5 Geriatric Use</title>
              <text>
                <paragraph>Elderly patients may be more sensitive to the effects of hydroxyurea and may require a lower dose regimen. Hydroxyurea is excreted by the kidney, and the risk of adverse reactions to this drug may be greater in patients with impaired renal function. Because elderly patients are more likely to have decreased renal function, care should be taken in dose selection, and it may be useful to monitor renal function <content styleCode="italics">[see <linkHtml href="#ID_78f7f5fc-a606-4e62-aafc-fd6c5b438f61">Dosage and Administration (2.3)</linkHtml>]</content>.</paragraph>
              </text>
              <effectiveTime value="20201202"/>
            </section>
          </component>
          <component>
            <section ID="ID_f6233c02-3c20-41cd-9d1b-f82fcd0bfd45">
              <id root="bb575894-bd6f-4e20-96e7-463915ce3545"/>
              <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/>
              <title>8.6 Renal Impairment</title>
              <text>
                <paragraph>The exposure to hydroxyurea is higher in patients with creatinine clearance of less than 60 mL/min or in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Reduce dosage and closely monitor the hematologic parameters when HYDREA is to be administered to these patients <content styleCode="italics">[see <linkHtml href="#ID_78f7f5fc-a606-4e62-aafc-fd6c5b438f61">Dosage and Administration (2.3)</linkHtml> and <linkHtml href="#ID_3c682a28-0f52-4d8d-95ce-7d05206ed8f9">Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)</linkHtml>]</content>.</paragraph>
              </text>
              <effectiveTime value="20201202"/>
            </section>
          </component>
          <component>
            <section ID="ID_d6623c2f-9c1f-4e4d-8f7a-7e6f8a9ecfb5">
              <id root="47000c95-6a96-439f-952c-0a28ddf9de55"/>
              <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/>
              <title>8.7 Hepatic Impairment</title>
              <text>
                <paragraph>There are no data that support specific guidance for dosage adjustment in patients with hepatic impairment. Close monitoring of hematologic parameters is advised in these patients.</paragraph>
              </text>
              <effectiveTime value="20201202"/>
            </section>
          </component>
        </section>
      </component>
      <component>
        <section ID="ID_81da1c73-8ca1-4487-8333-5b7d756a870d">
          <id root="c0ec82ef-c9ed-4a1d-84c3-3dfe14e48456"/>
          <code code="34088-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="OVERDOSAGE SECTION"/>
          <title>10 OVERDOSAGE</title>
          <text>
            <paragraph>Acute mucocutaneous toxicity has been reported in patients receiving hydroxyurea at dosages several times the therapeutic dose. Soreness, violet erythema, edema on palms and soles followed by scaling of hands and feet, severe generalized hyperpigmentation of the skin, and stomatitis have also been observed.</paragraph>
          </text>
          <effectiveTime value="20201202"/>
        </section>
      </component>
      <component>
        <section ID="ID_e478eade-616b-4e0e-890b-1b75e69e5d40">
          <id root="82cac41a-8e99-4085-8704-7b65ddc27d40"/>
          <code code="34089-3" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="DESCRIPTION SECTION"/>
          <title>11 DESCRIPTION</title>
          <text>
            <paragraph>HYDREA (hydroxyurea capsules, USP) is an antimetabolite available for oral use as capsules containing 500 mg hydroxyurea. Inactive ingredients include citric acid, colorants (D&amp;C Yellow No. 10, FD&amp;C Blue No. 1, FD&amp;C Red No. 40, and D&amp;C Red No. 28), gelatin, lactose, magnesium stearate, sodium phosphate, and titanium dioxide.</paragraph>
            <paragraph>Hydroxyurea is a white to off-white crystalline powder. It is hygroscopic and freely soluble in water, but practically insoluble in alcohol. The empirical formula is CH<sup>​</sup>
              <sub>4</sub>N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and it has a molecular weight of 76.05. Its structural formula is:</paragraph>
            <renderMultiMedia referencedObject="F265FE6D-C527-4135-B3A7-64845A5EF7E0"/>
          </text>
          <effectiveTime value="20231213"/>
          <component>
            <observationMedia ID="F265FE6D-C527-4135-B3A7-64845A5EF7E0">
              <text>Hydroxyurea Chemical Structure</text>
              <value mediaType="image/jpeg" xsi:type="ED">
                <reference value="hydrea-struct.jpg"/>
              </value>
            </observationMedia>
          </component>
        </section>
      </component>
      <component>
        <section ID="ID_7b24b736-926e-429b-9f97-1f3f2abd8e50">
          <id root="c89fd2f0-15ba-48e4-9461-8e19d523e8f3"/>
          <code code="34090-1" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY SECTION"/>
          <title>12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY</title>
          <effectiveTime value="20201202"/>
          <component>
            <section ID="ID_89d3f41b-021c-4e38-a79b-933bfc46dd1b">
              <id root="3fec8e2a-ce54-47fb-b19f-497bc81ce6b8"/>
              <code code="43679-0" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="MECHANISM OF ACTION SECTION"/>
              <title>12.1 Mechanism of Action</title>
              <text>
                <paragraph>The precise mechanism by which hydroxyurea produces its antineoplastic effects cannot, at present, be described. However, the reports of various studies in tissue culture in rats and humans lend support to the hypothesis that hydroxyurea causes an immediate inhibition of DNA synthesis by acting as a ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor, without interfering with the synthesis of ribonucleic acid or of protein. This hypothesis explains why, under certain conditions, hydroxyurea may induce teratogenic effects.</paragraph>
                <paragraph>Three mechanisms of action have been postulated for the increased effectiveness of concomitant use of hydroxyurea therapy with irradiation on squamous cell (epidermoid) carcinomas of the head and neck. <content styleCode="italics">In vitro</content> studies utilizing Chinese hamster cells suggest that hydroxyurea (1) is lethal to normally radioresistant S-stage cells, and (2) holds other cells of the cell cycle in the G1 or pre-DNA synthesis stage where they are most susceptible to the effects of irradiation. The third mechanism of action has been theorized on the basis of <content styleCode="italics">in vitro</content> studies of HeLa cells. It appears that hydroxyurea, by inhibition of DNA synthesis, hinders the normal repair process of cells damaged but not killed by irradiation, thereby decreasing their survival rate; RNA and protein syntheses have shown no alteration.</paragraph>
              </text>
              <effectiveTime value="20201202"/>
            </section>
          </component>
          <component>
            <section ID="ID_3c682a28-0f52-4d8d-95ce-7d05206ed8f9">
              <id root="8ba054fd-a193-44b4-a75f-f264594db380"/>
              <code code="43682-4" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="PHARMACOKINETICS SECTION"/>
              <title>12.3 Pharmacokinetics</title>
              <effectiveTime value="20201202"/>
              <component>
                <section ID="ID_879c81a7-97be-412e-831a-732926aef8ed">
                  <id root="7562faa4-d098-4f97-b11e-6be0f080b239"/>
                  <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/>
                  <title>Absorption</title>
                  <text>
                    <paragraph>Following oral administration of HYDREA, hydroxyurea reaches peak plasma concentrations in 1 to 4 hours. Mean peak plasma concentrations and AUCs increase more than proportionally with increase of dose.</paragraph>
                    <paragraph>There are no data on the effect of food on the absorption of hydroxyurea.</paragraph>
                  </text>
                  <effectiveTime value="20201202"/>
                </section>
              </component>
              <component>
                <section ID="ID_d75c278f-ed79-4554-b413-3b77cf776a29">
                  <id root="574505b6-f192-417f-8d8e-6456b09aa63b"/>
                  <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/>
                  <title>Distribution</title>
                  <text>
                    <paragraph>Hydroxyurea distributes throughout the body with a volume of distribution approximating total body water.</paragraph>
                    <paragraph>Hydroxyurea concentrates in leukocytes and erythrocytes.</paragraph>
                  </text>
                  <effectiveTime value="20201202"/>
                </section>
              </component>
              <component>
                <section ID="ID_cf233704-6efc-4055-b753-2495afe00446">
                  <id root="7c6eac52-9971-448c-a3ad-8b2f68885c4a"/>
                  <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/>
                  <title>Metabolism</title>
                  <text>
                    <paragraph>Up to 60% of an oral dose undergoes conversion through saturable hepatic metabolism and a minor pathway of degradation by urease found in intestinal bacteria.</paragraph>
                  </text>
                  <effectiveTime value="20201202"/>
                </section>
              </component>
              <component>
                <section ID="ID_4e972c95-8f6f-4d3e-9800-ca3393c48898">
                  <id root="408ad6d8-6433-45b1-9fc9-db700db8070d"/>
                  <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/>
                  <title>Excretion</title>
                  <text>
                    <paragraph>In patients with sickle cell anemia, the mean cumulative urinary recovery of hydroxyurea was about 40% of the administered dose.</paragraph>
                  </text>
                  <effectiveTime value="20201202"/>
                </section>
              </component>
              <component>
                <section ID="ID_abded578-5661-4916-a857-61a0f5bcab71">
                  <id root="08ca76d1-7e1b-4363-8b05-9567828e35df"/>
                  <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/>
                  <title>Specific Populations</title>
                  <effectiveTime value="20201202"/>
                  <component>
                    <section ID="ID_e706154a-2c24-4dfa-b49c-ce3b70cdddff">
                      <id root="c3db5257-7028-4420-be40-e5536cdb4d3c"/>
                      <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/>
                      <title>Renal Impairment </title>
                      <text>
                        <paragraph>The effect of renal impairment on the pharmacokinetics of hydroxyurea was assessed in adult patients with sickle cell disease and renal impairment. Patients with normal renal function (creatinine clearance [CrCl] &gt;80 mL/min), mild (CrCl 50‑80 mL/min), moderate (CrCl = 30-&lt;50 mL/min), or severe (&lt;30 mL/min) renal impairment received a single oral dose of 15 mg/kg hydroxyurea. Patients with ESRD received two doses of 15 mg/kg separated by 7 days; the first was given following a 4-hour hemodialysis session, the second prior to hemodialysis. The exposure to hydroxyurea (mean AUC) in patients with CrCl &lt;60 mL/min and those with ESRD was 64% higher than in patients with normal renal function (CrCl &gt;60 mL/min). Reduce the dose of HYDREA when it is administered to patients with creatinine clearance of &lt;60 mL/min or with ESRD following hemodialysis<content styleCode="italics"> [see </content>
                          <content styleCode="italics">
                            <linkHtml href="#ID_78f7f5fc-a606-4e62-aafc-fd6c5b438f61">Dosage and Administration (2.3)</linkHtml>
                          </content>
                          <content styleCode="italics"> and <linkHtml href="#ID_f6233c02-3c20-41cd-9d1b-f82fcd0bfd45">Use in Specific Populations (8.6)</linkHtml>]</content>.</paragraph>
                      </text>
                      <effectiveTime value="20201202"/>
                    </section>
                  </component>
                </section>
              </component>
            </section>
          </component>
        </section>
      </component>
      <component>
        <section ID="ID_24278fab-9fb5-49d9-be39-493cf4ad77c4">
          <id root="86230564-c204-4461-a265-13ae135b20e1"/>
          <code code="43680-8" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY SECTION"/>
          <title>13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY</title>
          <effectiveTime value="20201202"/>
          <component>
            <section ID="ID_6ccb6f48-a206-493b-abaa-9b6b62a1161d">
              <id root="e28c3543-ee00-47ac-abaa-447969bacb08"/>
              <code code="34083-6" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="CARCINOGENESIS &amp; MUTAGENESIS &amp; IMPAIRMENT OF FERTILITY SECTION"/>
              <title>13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility</title>
              <text>
                <paragraph>Conventional long-term studies to evaluate the carcinogenic potential of hydroxyurea have not been performed. However, intraperitoneal administration of 125 to 250 mg/kg hydroxyurea (about 0.6-1.2 times the maximum recommended human oral daily dose on a mg/m<sup>2</sup> basis) thrice weekly for 6 months to female rats increased the incidence of mammary tumors in rats surviving to 18 months compared to control. Hydroxyurea is mutagenic <content styleCode="italics">in vitro</content> to bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and mammalian cells. Hydroxyurea is clastogenic <content styleCode="italics">in vitro</content> (hamster cells, human lymphoblasts) and <content styleCode="italics">in vivo</content> (SCE assay in rodents, mouse micronucleus assay). Hydroxyurea causes the transformation of rodent embryo cells to a tumorigenic phenotype.</paragraph>
                <paragraph>Hydroxyurea administered to male rats at 60 mg/kg/day (about 0.3 times the maximum recommended human daily dose on a mg/m<sup>2</sup> basis) produced testicular atrophy, decreased spermatogenesis, and significantly reduced their ability to impregnate females.</paragraph>
              </text>
              <effectiveTime value="20201202"/>
            </section>
          </component>
        </section>
      </component>
      <component>
        <section ID="ID_267ed248-18c2-485f-89fa-4e2e63441157">
          <id root="660c6cf4-626f-4f00-bc80-d03e1194d4cb"/>
          <code code="34093-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="REFERENCES SECTION"/>
          <title>15 REFERENCES</title>
          <text>
            <paragraph>OSHA. http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/hazardousdrugs/index.html.</paragraph>
          </text>
          <effectiveTime value="20201202"/>
        </section>
      </component>
      <component>
        <section ID="ID_c4c413fa-2713-41a8-b268-116d659ded50">
          <id root="52b1efcb-f7e1-43c1-a5e7-f7590e2fcf05"/>
          <code code="34069-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="HOW SUPPLIED SECTION"/>
          <title>16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING</title>
          <effectiveTime value="20221003"/>
          <component>
            <section ID="ID_c9777a6c-6c76-4a19-8dbc-ec79cb6a61b1">
              <id root="ff99af04-922a-43e4-85f8-c76087e2407c"/>
              <code code="42229-5" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION"/>
              <title>16.1 How Supplied</title>
              <text>
                <paragraph>HYDREA<sup>®</sup> (hydroxyurea capsules, USP) is supplied as 500 mg capsules in HDPE bottles with a plastic safety screw cap. Each bottle contains 100 capsules. The cap is opaque green and the body is opaque pink. The capsules are imprinted on both sections with "HYDREA" and "500" in black ink (NDC 61269-835-10).</paragraph>
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              <title>16.2 Storage</title>
              <text>
                <paragraph>Store at 20°C-25°C (68°F   -77°F); excursions permitted to 15°C-30°C (59°F-86°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature]. Keep tightly closed.</paragraph>
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              <title>16.3 Handling and Disposal</title>
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                <paragraph>HYDREA is a cytotoxic drug. Follow applicable special handling and disposal procedures <content styleCode="italics">[see <linkHtml href="#ID_267ed248-18c2-485f-89fa-4e2e63441157">References (15)</linkHtml>]</content>.</paragraph>
                <paragraph>To decrease the risk of contact, advise caregivers to wear disposable gloves when handling HYDREA or bottles containing HYDREA. Wash hands with soap and water before and after contact with the bottle or capsules when handling HYDREA. Do not open HYDREA capsules. Avoid exposure to crushed or opened capsules. If contact with crushed or opened capsules occurs on the skin, wash affected area immediately and thoroughly with soap and water. If contact with crushed or opened capsules occurs on the eye(s), the affected area should be flushed thoroughly with water or isotonic eyewash designated for that purpose for at least 15 minutes. If the powder from the capsule is spilled, immediately wipe it up with a damp disposable towel and discard in a closed container, such as a plastic bag; as should the empty capsules. The spill areas should then be cleaned three times using a detergent solution followed by clean water. Keep the medication away from children and pets. Contact your doctor for instructions on how to dispose of outdated capsules.</paragraph>
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          <title>17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION</title>
          <text>
            <list listType="unordered">
              <item>There is a risk of myelosuppression. Monitoring blood counts weekly throughout the duration of therapy should be emphasized to patients taking HYDREA. Advise patients to report signs and symptoms of infection or bleeding immediately <content styleCode="italics">[see <linkHtml href="#ID_26ca458d-a781-4c7a-867b-8a9b3398dad3">Warnings and Precautions (5.1)</linkHtml>]</content>.</item>
              <item> Advise patients of the risk of hemolytic anemia. Advise patients that they will have blood tests to evaluate for this if they develop persistent anemia<content styleCode="italics"> [see <linkHtml href="#L66ecef4a-84e9-45e5-af89-b605f5a3e295">Warnings and Precautions (5.2)</linkHtml>]</content>.</item>
              <item>Advise patients that there is a risk of cutaneous vasculitic toxicities and secondary malignancies including leukemia and skin cancers <content styleCode="italics">[see <linkHtml href="#ID_6519688b-7336-4c18-95d5-4116055478b3">Warnings and Precautions (</linkHtml>
                  <linkHtml href="#ID_6519688b-7336-4c18-95d5-4116055478b3">5.3</linkHtml>, <linkHtml href="#ID_98f50935-1273-48bc-bcfd-b6aa89f9d7a5">5.5)</linkHtml>]</content>.</item>
              <item>Advise females of reproductive potential of the potential risk to a fetus and to inform their healthcare provider of a known or suspected pregnancy. Advise females and males of reproductive potential to use contraception during and after treatment with HYDREA <content styleCode="italics">[see </content>
                <content styleCode="italics">
                  <linkHtml href="#ID_399197e3-a6f5-44da-99be-fcf94833fd58">Warnings and Precautions (5.4)</linkHtml>
                </content>
                <content styleCode="italics"> and <linkHtml href="#ID_fffe5d24-bf50-4b38-b6f6-ca2323825bc6">Use in Specific Populations (8.1</linkHtml>, </content>
                <content styleCode="italics">
                  <linkHtml href="#ID_b5b4a088-ee8d-4525-82b1-2ac1ca5cebe4">8.3)</linkHtml>
                </content>
                <content styleCode="italics">]</content>.</item>
              <item>Advise patients to inform their healthcare provider if they have received or are planning to receive vaccinations while taking HYDREA as this may result in a severe infection <content styleCode="italics">[see <linkHtml href="#ID_dc864051-d972-417d-8814-1cf7adbb623d">Warnings and Precautions (5.6)</linkHtml>]</content>.</item>
              <item>Advise females to discontinue breastfeeding during treatment with HYDREA <content styleCode="italics">[see </content>
                <content styleCode="italics">
                  <linkHtml href="#ID_ad6018be-6ab6-4b17-a6d6-e289607e9698">Use in Specific Populations (8.2)</linkHtml>
                </content>
                <content styleCode="italics">]</content>.</item>
              <item>Patients with HIV infection should contact their physician for signs and symptoms of pancreatitis, hepatic events, and peripheral neuropathy <content styleCode="italics">[see </content>
                <content styleCode="italics">
                  <linkHtml href="#ID_1605b762-82cc-49fb-8559-94a53f9a4532">Warnings and Precautions (5.7)</linkHtml>
                </content>
                <content styleCode="italics">]</content>.</item>
              <item>Post-irradiation erythema can occur in patients who have received previous irradiation therapy <content styleCode="italics">[see </content>
                <content styleCode="italics">
                  <linkHtml href="#ID_f61f58d4-7507-44dc-9309-a5607b40b403">Warnings and Precautions (5.8)</linkHtml>
                </content>
                <content styleCode="italics">]</content>.</item>
              <item>Advise patients of the symptoms of potential pulmonary toxicity and instruct them to seek prompt medical attention in the event of pyrexia, cough, dyspnea, or other respiratory symptoms <content styleCode="italics">[see <linkHtml href="#Le9e699ba-51be-4187-9982-51d0c23ea691">Warnings and Precautions (5.10)</linkHtml>]</content>.</item>
              <item>Advise patients to notify their healthcare provider if they are using a continuous glucose monitoring system while taking HYDREA <content styleCode="italics">[see <linkHtml href="#Ld89d830e-ce43-4cca-8133-ff73c0e78de9">Warnings and Precautions (5.11)</linkHtml>]</content>.</item>
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            <paragraph>100 CAPSULES<br/> NDC 61269-835-10</paragraph>
            <paragraph>HYDREA<sup>®</sup>
              <br/> (hydroxyurea)<br/> capsules</paragraph>
            <paragraph>500 mg</paragraph>
            <paragraph>CAUTION: Cytotoxic Agent</paragraph>
            <paragraph>CHEPLAPHARM</paragraph>
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            <paragraph>100 CAPSULES<br/> NDC 61269-835-10</paragraph>
            <paragraph>HYDREA<sup>®</sup>
              <br/> (hydroxyurea)<br/> capsules</paragraph>
            <paragraph>500 mg</paragraph>
            <paragraph>CAUTION: Cytotoxic Agent</paragraph>
            <paragraph>CHEPLAPHARM</paragraph>
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